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Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

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India has already marked its presence as one of the fastest growing economies of the world. It has been ranked among the top 10 attractive destinations for inbound investments. Since 1991, the regulatory environment in terms of foreign investment has been consistently eased to make it investor-friendly.

The measures taken by the Government are directed to open new sectors for foreign direct investment, increase the sectoral limit of existing sectors and simplifying other conditions of the FDI policy. FDI policy reforms are meant to provide ease of doing business and accelerate the pace of foreign investment in the country.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

FDI because the name suggests, it’s associate degree investment directly created by a remote company into business in another country. Such investment may well be either within the kind of business enlargement in another country or may well be a results of acquisition of the corporate.

Direct Foreign investments in India approval were introduced by the then Finance Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act to promote such investments thereby increasing supply of domestic capital & increase the economic growth.

As per Foreign Exchange Management Act, ‘FDI’ means investment by non-resident entity/person resident outside India in the capital of an Indian company under Schedule 1 of Foreign Exchange Management (Transfer or Issue of Security by a Person Resident Outside India) Regulations 2000.

Advantages of FDI in India
There are several benefits of increasing foreign direct investment in India. First of all, with more FDI, consumers will be able to save 5 to 10 percent on their expenses because products will be available at much less rates and to top it all, the quality will be better as well. In short, it will be a win-win situation for the buyers. It is also expected that the farmers who face a lot of economic problems will also get better payment for their produce. This is a major benefit considering how many farmers have been giving up their lives lately. It is expected that their earnings will increase by 10 to 30 percent.

FDI is also supposed to have a positive effect on the employment scenario by generating approximately 4 million job opportunities. Areas like logistics will be benefited as well because of FDI and it is assumed that 6 million jobs will be created. The governments – both central and state – will be benefited because of FDI. An addition of 25-30 billion dollars to the national treasury is also expected. This is a substantial amount and can really play a major role in the development of Indian economy in the long term.
Steps Taken by Government to Promote FDI
The Indian Government has taken a number of steps to show its willingness to allow more foreign direct investment in the country. In the infrastructure development sector, it has relaxed the norms pertaining to area restriction, the laws regarding gaining a comfortable exit from a particular project and the requirements relating to minimum capitalization. If companies are ready to commit 30 percent of their investments for affordable housing, then the rules for minimum capitalization and area restriction will be waived off. It is expected that this will benefit the construction sector a lot, especially in the form of greater investment inflow.

The Indian Ministry of Finance has also proposed that 100 percent FDI will be allowed in railways-related infrastructure. However, this does not include the operational aspects. While it is true that the foreign investors will not be allowed to intervene in railway operations, they will be able to provide for high-speed trains, such as bullet train, and enhance the overall network in the process.

Who can invest in India?

  • A Non-resident entity means a person resident outside India.
  • Non Resident Indian or Person of Indian Origin (PIO holder) or Overseas Citizen of India (OCI holder).
  • A body corporate means a company incorporated outside India.
  • Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) means an entity established or incorporated outside India which proposes to make investment in India and which is registered as a FII in accordance with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) (Foreign Institutional Investor) Regulations 1995..
  • Foreign Venture Capital Investor (FVCI) means an investor incorporated and established outside India, which is registered under the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

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